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Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease are closely linked through shared biological mechanisms, leading some researchers to unofficially refer to Alzheimer's as "Type 3 diabetes". Research indicates that having type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk—by approximately 50% to 100%—of developing Alzheimer's. 

The connection between these conditions is primarily driven by how the body and brain handle insulin and glucose: 

 Just as body tissues can become resistant to insulin in type 2 diabetes, brain cells can also lose their sensitivity to the hormone. This "brain diabetes" impairs the ability of neurons to use glucose for energy, which can lead to cell dysfunction and death.

• Insulin resistance is linked to the build-up of amyloid-beta and tau proteins, the hallmark signs of Alzheimer’s. Insulin and amyloid-beta are both broken down by the same enzyme (IDE); when insulin levels are too high, the enzyme is "distracted" by insulin, allowing toxic amyloid to accumulate.
•  Chronic high blood sugar damages both large and small blood vessels. In the brain, this reduced blood flow can starve cells of oxygen and essential nutrients, contributing to cognitive decline.
•  High blood sugar triggers chronic inflammation throughout the body and brain, which can damage brain cells and accelerate the progression of dementia.